Locating Efficiency and Productivity Champions in a new Banking Environment
Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to benchmark ING Bank against a Sample of 65 Banks operating in the Dutch market over the Period 1992 to 1996
- Art: Diplomarbeit
- Autor: Georg-Stephan Barfuß
- Abgabedatum: August 1999
- Umfang: 128 Seiten
- Dateigröße: 1,0 MB
- Note: 2,0
- Institution / Hochschule: Universiteit Maastricht Niederlande
- ISBN (eBook): 978-3-8324-1791-8
-
ISBN (Paperback) :
978-3-8324-1791-8 P - ISBN (CD) :978-3-8324-1791-8 CD
- Sprache: Englisch
- Prämierung:
- Arbeit zitieren: Barfuß, Georg-Stephan August 1999: Locating Efficiency and Productivity Champions in a new Banking Environment, Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag
- Schlagworte: Allfinanz, Synergien - Synergies, Stochastic Forntier Estimation, Bankenmarkt, Benchmarking
In den Warenkorb
38,00 €
Diplomarbeit von Georg-Stephan Barfuß
Abstract:
Part one of the thesis states the changes and developments that have markedly altered the banking world. This analysis is followed by a discussion about the consequences these transformations have on credit institutions in general. Special focus is devoted to the universal bank, the advantages and disadvantages of which are linked to the changes mentioned above.
Part two begins with the introduction of a prominent member of the universal banking type: ING Group and its banking operations in the Netherlands, ING Bank, respectively. Both are shortly introduced and their performance measured with the help of "traditional" tools. To go deeper than the mere standard comparison of data given in annual reports, however, a new method will be introduced that approximates the relative efficiency and productivity of companies - in this case banks. This method is called "Data Envelopment Analysis" (DEA) and offers some advantages that complement "traditional" ways of assessing company performance. DEA is then run with the help of a special software programme, processing data about 65 credit institutions that are operating in the Dutch market. The focal point of interest in this analysis is on the performance of ING Bank as measured by DEA. This kind of "benchmarking" will be performed in two ways: first statically (comparison within a certain year), then dynamically (comparison over the years 1992 to 1995). Subsequently, the credit institutions will be summed up into categories like "best-practice" or "worst-practice" to conduct further analyses. The conclusions from this analysis is then taken as a basis to evaluate, whether ING Bank has been able to adopt to the growing demands of an ever faster changing banking environment.
The concluding chapter relates mainly to an additional usage of DEA that is not related to benchmarking directly. DEA and the results it yields can be used to find out, which firms are especially successful in incorporating the all-important "soft factors" like firm culture, tradition, values, employee motivation, and the like. This application uses DEA as a kind of "navigator", that helps annalists to save time by pointing directly to potential owners of "soft factors".
The appendix gives the sources of data used and the quality and reliability thereof. Furthermore, the credit institutions used in the analysis will be stated in name. A list of mathematical formulae that make up the DEA analysis and the logic behind it bring up the rear.
Gang der Untersuchung:
Der erste Teil der Diplomarbeit beleuchtet die Veränderungen und Entwicklungen die die Bankenwelt in den letzten Jahren einschneidend verändert haben sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Kreditinstitute. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Gattung der Universalbank gelegt, deren Vor- und Nachteile in Bezug auf die erwähnten Veränderungen aufgezeigt werden.
Im zweiten Teil geht es zuerst um einen prominenten Vertreter, der - stellvertretend für andere Universalbanken - näher beschrieben und "traditionell" bewertet wird: die ING Group, bzw. ihre Bankentochter in den Niederlanden, die ING Bank. Um jedoch über den normalen Kennzahlenvergleich hinauszugehen, wird im Folgenden eine neue Methode vorgestellt, die die relative Effizienz und Produktivität von Firmen - in diesem Falle Banken - zu messen versucht. Diese Methode heißt "Data Envelopment Analysis" (DEA) und bietet Vorteile, die "traditionelle" Methoden der Firmenbewertung ergänzen. DEA wird folglich auf ein Sample von 65 Kreditinstituten, die im niederländischen Markt operieren, angewandt, wobei eine speziell dafür entwickelte Software übernommen wird. Hierbei wird ein Schwerpunkt auf die Performance der ING Bank gelegt, indem die Ergebnisse dieses Finanzinstituts gesondert betrachtet und interpretiert werden. Die dabei durchgeführte Analyse wird als Bewertungsgrundlage genommen, um die Anpassungsfähigkeit der ING Bank an die wachsenden Anforderungen einer sich rasch verändernden Bankenwelt zu ermessen. Diese Art von "benchmarking" wird sowohl statisch (Vergleich innerhalb bestimmter Jahre), als auch dynamisch (Vergleich über die Jahre 1992 bis 1996) vorgenommen. Als Ergebnis werden die Finanzinstitute in Kategorien wie "best-practice" oder "worst-practice" eingeteilt, um weitere Untersuchungen zu machen.
Im abschließenden Kapitel wird vor allem Bezug genommen auf eine Anwendungsmöglichkeit von DEA, die nichts mit benchmarking zu tun hat. DEA und seine Ergebnisse können dazu verwendet werden, herauszufinden, welche Firmen besonders erfolgreich sind, sich so wichtige "soft factors" wie Firmenkultur, Tradition, Werte, Mitarbeitermotivation, usw. anzueignen. Die Funktion von DEA wäre in diesem Falle mit der eines "Navigators" zu vergleichen, der Analytikern erhebliche Zeiteinsparungen bringt, indem DEA direkt auf potentielle Inhaber der "soft factors" verweist.
Im Anhang der Arbeit werden die Quellen der verwendeten Daten und deren Beschaffenheit beschrieben, sowie die an der Analyse beteiligten Banken namentlich aufgeführt. Ferner werden die mathematischen Formeln, die für eine DEA nötig sind, aufgelistet, sowie die Logik von DEA erklärt.
Table of Contents:
| Preface | 5 | |
| Part I: | The Challenge | 7 |
| Chapter 1: Background: The Universal Bank on the Defence | 7 | |
| 1.1) | Introduction: Coming to Grips with Reality | 7 |
| 1.2) | Problem Formulation: How well is ING equipped for to the Challenges of the new Banking Era? | 8 |
| 1.3) | Delimitation | 9 |
| 1.3.1) | The Validity of Efficiency and Productivity in Services | 9 |
| 1.3.2) | Specialised versus Universal Banks, and other Financial Institutions | 10 |
| 1.3.3) | DEA versus other (non) parametric Efficiency Measures and versus Stock Markets | 11 |
| Chapter 2: Changes in the Banking Industry and the Consequences for the Universal Bank | 13 | |
| 2.1) | Changing the Rules of the Game | 13 |
| 2.1.1) | Regulatory Developments | 14 |
| 2.1.2) | Technological Developments | 14 |
| 2.1.3) | Globalisation and the European Monetary Union | 15 |
| 2.1.4) | Innovation in Finance | 15 |
| 2.1.5) | Disintermediation | 16 |
| 2.2) | Consequences for Universal Banks | 17 |
| 2.2.1) | Shrinking Returns | 17 |
| 2.2.2) | New Competitors | 19 |
| 2.2.3) | Restructuring Processes | 21 |
| 2.3) | Enba - The Prototype of the new challenger | 22 |
| 2.4) | Will the Universal Bank vanish? | 24 |
| Chapter 3: Why Universal Banks can prevail | 24 | |
| 3.1) | Strengths of Universal Banks | 25 |
| 3.2) | The Rationale of Universal Banks: Differentiating Economic Terminology from Management Terminology | 29 |
| 3.2.1) | What makes a successful Universal Bank? - The Economic Perspective | 29 |
| 3.2.2) | What makes a successful Universal Bank? - The Management Perspective | 29 |
| 3.3) | Managing the twelve "Cs": taking maximum Advantage of the Strengths | 30 |
| Chapter 4: Summary of Part I and Conclusions | 32 | |
| Part II: | The Answer | 35 |
| Chapter 5: Investigating the Performance of ING Group | 35 | |
| 5.1) | ING Group: a truly outstanding Financial Institution | 36 |
| 5.1.1) | "Bancassurance" as a Key Strategy | 36 |
| 5.1.2) | Multi-labelling and integrated Financial Services | 41 |
| 5.2) | The Structure of ING Group | 42 |
| 5.2.1) | ING Nederland | 42 |
| 5.2.1.1) | ING Bank | 43 |
| 5.2.2) | ING Belgium | 46 |
| 5.2.3) | ING Financial Services International | 47 |
| 5.2.4) | ING Corporate & Investment Banking | 48 |
| 5.2.5) | ING Asset Management | 50 |
| 5.3) | Objectives and Performance of ING Group | 50 |
| 5.3.1) | Objectives around the Core Strategy | 51 |
| 5.3.1.1) | Strategic Objectives | 52 |
| 5.3.1.2) | Financial Objectives | 52 |
| 5.3.2) | Current Performance | 52 |
| 5.4) | History of ING Group | 54 |
| 5.4.1) | The Birth of ING Group | 55 |
| 5.4.2) | Growth by M&A: Major Acquisitions | 56 |
| 5.4.2.1) | Equitable of Iowa | 56 |
| 5.4.2.2) | Furman Selz | 56 |
| 5.4.2.3) | Bank Brussels Lambert | 57 |
| 5.4.2.4) | Allgemeine Deutsche Direktbank and BHF-Bank | 57 |
| 5.5) | Summary on ING Group | 58 |
| Chapter 6: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) | 59 | |
| 6.1) | Efficiency, Market Structure and Competitiveness | 59 |
| 6.2) | Introducing Efficiency | 60 |
| 6.3) | Relative Efficiency and the DEA Model | 61 |
| 6.3.1) | Technical Efficiency | 63 |
| 6.3.2) | Allocative or Price Efficiency | 63 |
| 6.3.3) | Economic or Overall Efficiency | 63 |
| 6.3.4) | X-Efficiency | 63 |
| 6.4) | The treatment of Slacks | 64 |
| 6.5) | Choosing the proper Model | 65 |
| 6.5.1) | The Input-oriented Model | 66 |
| 6.5.2) | The Output-oriented Model | 67 |
| 6.5.3) | Constant or variable Returns to Scale: the CRS and the VRS Model | 67 |
| 6.5.3.1) | The CRS Model | 68 |
| 6.5.3.2) | The VRS Model | 68 |
| 6.6) | Choosing the proper Data | 68 |
| 6.7) | DEA and the Malmquist Index | 69 |
| 6.8) | Advantages and Weaknesses of DEA | 69 |
| 6.8.1) | Advantages of DEA | 70 |
| 6.8.2) | Weaknesses of DEA | 71 |
| Chapter 7: Fitting the DEA Model to ING and the Dutch Banking Industry | 72 | |
| 7.1) | The output-oriented Model for Dutch Banking | 72 |
| 7.1.1) | The Outlines of the Dutch banking Industry | 72 |
| 7.1.2) | M&A - Growth and Efficiency in Banking | 74 |
| 7.2) | Constant versus Variable Returns to Scale | 76 |
| 7.2.1) | The neo-classical Approach | 76 |
| 7.2.2) | The Information-management Approach | 77 |
| 7.3) | Choosing the proper Data | 80 |
| 7.3.1) | Balance-sheet Data or Profit and Loss Account Data? | 80 |
| 7.3.2) | A Survey of related Studies | 81 |
| 7.3.3) | Production Approach vs. Intermediation Approach | 82 |
| 7.3.3.1) | Intermediation Approach | 82 |
| 7.3.3.2) | The Production Approach | 83 |
| 7.3.3.3) | The Adjusted Intermediary Approach | 83 |
| 7.4) | The Data | 83 |
| 7.4.1) | The Sample | 84 |
| 7.4.2) | The Variables | 85 |
| Chapter 8: Running DEAP and Presenting the Results | 89 | |
| 8.1) | Determining Returns to Scale | 89 |
| 8.1.1) | Scale Inefficiency versus Technical Inefficiency | 89 |
| 8.1.2) | Application to the Sample | 90 |
| 8.2) | Peers, Targets, and DEA | 92 |
| 8.3) | The Malmquist Index | 93 |
| 8.4) | DEA Results: The Performance of ING Bank | 95 |
| 8.4.1) | DEA Results for the Years 1992 to 1995 separately | 95 |
| 8.4.2) | The Malmquist Results for the Years 1992 to 1995 | 100 |
| Chapter 9: Summary of Part Two and Conclusions | 105 | |
| Chapter 10: Potential Follow-up Research and Further Fields of Study | 107 | |
| 10.1) | "Ingredients for Success" - Investigating the Importance of "soft" Factors in Banking | 108 |
| 10.2) | IT, DEA and Profitability in Banking | 108 |
| 10.3) | Conducting other Analyses on the same Data Set and make Comparisons | 109 |
| Appendices | 109 | |
| I) | Getting the Data balanced | 109 |
| I.A) | Adjusting the Figures | 110 |
| I.B) | Constructing the Figures | 110 |
| II) | The Malmquist Index | 111 |
| III) | The DEA Maximisation Model | 112 |
| IV) | Presenting Data and Additional Information | 115 |
| IV.A) | Banks and Financial Institutions used in the Sample | 115 |
| IV.B) | DEA Results for other ING Group Members in the Sample | 116 |
| IV.C) | Example of a DEA Input File, Instruction File and Output File | 117 |
| Bibliography | 124 |
In den Warenkorb
38,00 €
Link zur Arbeit:
http://www.diplom.de/ean/9783832417918
Arbeit zitieren:
Barfuß, Georg-Stephan August 1999: Locating Efficiency and Productivity Champions in a new Banking Environment, Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag
Schlagworte:
Allfinanz, Synergien - Synergies, Stochastic Forntier Estimation, Bankenmarkt, Benchmarking



