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Improving the Quality of Leaders’ Decision Making in IT Companies to Achieve Better Predictions about Future Developments for Competitive Advantage

Improving the Quality of Leaders’ Decision Making in IT Companies to Achieve Better Predictions about
Future Developments for Competitive Advantage
Über dieses Buch
  • Art: Diplomarbeit
  • Autor: Rainer Knaack
  • Abgabedatum: November 2005
  • Umfang: 130 Seiten
  • Dateigröße: 929,9 KB
  • Note: 2,3
  • Institution / Hochschule: Universität der Künste Berlin Deutschland
  • Bibliografie: ca. 98
  • ISBN (eBook): 978-3-8366-0301-0
  • ISBN (Paperback) :
    978-3-8366-0301-0 P
  • ISBN (CD) :978-3-8366-0301-0 CD
  • Sprache: Englisch
  • Prämierung:
  • Arbeit zitieren: Knaack, Rainer November 2005: Improving the Quality of Leaders’ Decision Making in IT Companies to Achieve Better Predictions about Future Developments for Competitive Advantage, Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag
  • Schlagworte: Führung, Wissen, Entscheidung, Wissensmanagement, IT

Diplomarbeit von Rainer Knaack

Abstract:

Over the last few years, professional dealing with information – named Knowledge Management, in the following abbreviated as KM, – has developed into an important issue in modern economy: Due to causes like worldwide networks, accelerated product life cycles and faster changing markets, knowledge and its management gains growing attention. These impacts lead to managers’ inability dealing with knowledge in the right way at the right point of time to achieve a high quality of decisions with positive and sustainable influence.

The approach is based on the author's hypothesis to optimize the decisions’ quality by capturing senior practitioners’ knowledge at management level working for a German IT Company. The approach's core is to capture and utilise this certain type of knowledge captured in professional biographical case studies. The thesis’ goal is to design a method by demonstrating the example in capturing this so called tacit knowledge of three IT practitioners as a needful complementation to software solutions. This might help to reflect and prepare for upcoming changes.

This thesis aims to clarify the status quo of knowledge capture currently used in IT companies. In industrialised societies, tacit knowledge becomes a continuously more important asset to sustain or expand competitiveness. Existing management systems, mainly software solutions, basically capture explicit knowledge and are of limited use for company and staff: As these systems do not completely capture the aspects of tacit knowledge, especially possessed by senior employees, the thesis' approach is sorting out problems, possibilities and requirements for finding benefits and solutions in capturing and using this type of knowledge.

For addressing these problems, three senior decision makers have been chosen to bundle some of their above mentioned knowledge within a case study. In arrangement with the author’s principal supervisor, Dr Mark C. Williams, the methodology of reflective practitioner research as a heuristic enquiry is used to allow the discovery of insights.1 Not only by the affective domain of human experience, but also by the arts-based enquiry, e.g. poetry, as Germany is a nation of poets and philosophers. It will be significant considering action research, reflective practitioner methodology and the transformation of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge.

In this case, heuristic data is collected by email-questionnaires. Data is then analysed within the context of an ongoing literature review and the reflective experiences of the researcher.

From this analysis, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made, oriented to decision making processes. The aim is to demonstrate how the selected, worldwide-acting IT Company can convert senior worker tacit knowledge into a usable explicit form to optimize its decisions in a sustainable way.

The results of the case study add to the theory and what is known by now about knowledge capture and the reflective practitioner methodology. Using this methodology, it is intended to be constructed the reflective way so that findings can be suited to practice.

The subject company can benefit from the results of the study, as well as other companies faced with similar problems.

Zusammenfassung:

Innerhalb der letzten Jahre hat sich der professionelle Umgang mit Information, bezeichnet als Wissensmanagement, zu einem wichtigen Thema in der modernen Wirtschaft entwickelt. Aufgrund von weltweiten Netzwerken, schnelleren Produktlebenszyklen und sich stärker wandelnden Märkten wird dem Wissen und dessen Management mehr und mehr Beachtung geschenkt. Diese Einflussfaktoren führen dazu, dass Manager nicht mehr in der Lage sind, ihr Wissen in richtiger Weise und zum richtigen Zeitpunkt in nachhaltige Entscheidungen umzuwandeln.

Der Ansatz fußt auf der Hypothese des Autors, die Entscheidungen auf Führungskräfteebene eines deutschen IT-Unternehmens zu optimieren. Der Kern des Ansatzes zielt darauf ab, das sog. implizite Wissen zu sammeln und zu nutzen. Dieses wird zunächst anhand fachlicher biographischer Fallstudien dreier, erfahrener Entscheidungsträger jener Firma generiert. Ziel ist es, eine Möglichkeit zu entwerfen, um implizites Wissen zu speichern - eine nötige Ergänzung zu Softwarelösungen. Dies könnte nützlich sein zur eigenen Reflektion sowie zur Vorbereitung von anstehendem Wandel.

Diese Diplomarbeit analysiert den Status Quo der Verwaltung von Wissen in IT-Unternehmen. In industrialisierten Gesellschaften nimmt implizites Wissen an Wichtigkeit zu, um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu erhalten. Bestehende Managementsysteme – hauptsächlich Softwarelösungen – speichern explizites Wissen und sind nur von begrenztem Nutzen für das Unternehmen und die Mitarbeiter. Da solche Systeme diese Art von Wissen – vor allem von ranghöheren Mitarbeitern – nicht gänzlich speichern, zielt diese Diplomarbeit darauf ab, Probleme, Möglichkeiten und Anforderungen herauszuarbeiten, um Nutzen und Lösungen für das Bündeln von solchem Wissen zu generieren.

Zur Umsetzung wurden drei Entscheidungsträger des Unternehmens ausgewählt, um einen Teil ihres impliziten Wissens mittels einer Fallstudie zu erhalten. In Absprache mit dem Betreuer der Diplomarbeit, Dr. Mark C. Williams, wendet der Autor die Methode des ‚reflective practitioner research’ an. Dabei handelt es sich um eine heuristische Befragung, die auch tiefere Einblicke ermöglicht: es geht nicht nur um den emotionalen Bereich menschlicher Erfahrung, sondern auch um den künstlerischen Bereich, z.B. Poesie – schließlich ist Deutschland die Nation der Dichter und Philosophen. Dies wird für alle beeinflussenden Strömungen von Relevanz sein hinsichtlich ‚action research’, ‚reflective practiotioner methodology’ sowie der Transformation von implizitem Wissen in explizites Wissen.

Im vorliegenden Falle werden heuristische Daten mit Hilfe von Email-Fragebögen generiert. Diese Daten werden im Zusammenhang einer andauernden Literaturrecherche und den reflektierenden Erfahrungen des Autors analysiert. Anhand dieser Analyse können Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und Empfehlungen gegeben werden, die sich an Entscheidungsprozessen orientieren. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie das ausgewählte weltweit agierende IT-Unternehmen das implizite Wissen von Entscheidungsträgern so umwandeln kann, dass die zu treffenden Entscheidungen auf nachhaltige und werthaltige Weise getroffen werden können.

Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie ergänzen die Theorie und was bisher über das Verwalten von Wissen sowie die ‚reflective practitioner methodology’ bekannt ist. Die Anwendung dieser Methode zielt darauf ab, reflektierend zu gestalten, damit die Ergebnisse in der Praxis angewandt werden können.

Nicht nur das im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit ausgewählte Unternehmen kann von den Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchung profitieren – es sind ebenso andere Unternehmen, die derartige Herausforderungen in diesem Bereich sehen.

Table of Contents:

i. DECLARATION II
ii. ABSTRACT III
iii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V
iv. TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
v. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IX
vi. LIST OF FIGURES XI
vii. LIST OF TABLES XII
viii. LIST OF APPENDIX XIII
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Problem Statement 2
1.2 Justification for Thesis 3
1.2.1 Initial Idea and Approach 4
1.2.2 Business Impact 5
1.2.2.1 Knowledge Management Systems’ Characteristics 1
1.2.2.2 Society’s Change 4
1.2.2.3 Employees’ Psychological Barriers 5
1.2.2.4 Economy’s Demand 6
1.3 Purpose of Thesis 7
2. Review of Academic Literature 8
2.1 Research on Major Thinkers as Theoretical Framework 8
2.2 Models as Supporting Evidence 14
2.3 Definitions of Terms 18
2.3.1 Knowledge and its Management 18
2.3.1.1 Tacit Knowledge 20
2.3.1.2 Explicit Knowledge 21
2.3.2 Knowledge Worker 21
2.3.3 Knowledge Creation through Senior Knowledge Workers 22
2.3.4 Quality of Decision Making 22
2.3.5 Competitive Advantage 24
2.4 Scope, Delimitation and Conclusion after Review 24
3. Research Methodology 25
3.1 Area of Research: Qualitative Social Research 26
3.2 Reflective Action Practitioner Research 26
3.2.1 Description of Research Methodology 27
3.2.2 Justification for Research Methodology 29
3.2.3 Author’s Autobiographical, Personal Voice 29
3.3 Research Approach 31
3.3.1 Research Problem 31
3.3.2 Research Design 33
3.3.3 Research Writing Style 34
3.3.4 Rich Picture 36
3.3.5 Development of Title 38
3.3.6 Research Question(s) 40
3.4 Research Objectives 42
3.4.1 German IT Company as an Example of Enhancement 42
3.4.2 Sources of Data for Research 44
3.4.2.1 Primary Data: Email Based Interviews 44
3.4.2.2 Secondary Data: Literature, Articles and Papers 45
3.4.3 Gathering Data by Interviewing Practitioners 47
3.4.3.1 Selection of Interview Candidates 47
3.4.3.2 Development of email-based Questionnaire 48
3.5 Conclusion of Research Methodology 50
4. Findings: Improving Decision Making By Capturing Tacit Knowledge 51
4.1 Qualitative Findings Through email-Based Questionnaires 52
4.1.1 Case #1: Interviewee ‘Head of Knowledge Management’ 52
4.1.2 Case #2: Interviewee ‘Manager of Global Knowledge Centre’ 54
4.1.3 Case #3: Interviewee ‘Product Manager’ 55
4.2 Analysis of Interviewees´ Reactions to Questions 57
4.3 Author’s Reflection 58
4.3.1 Observations, Impressions and Additions 58
4.3.1.1 Benefits Both for Knowledge Workers and Company 59
4.3.1.2 Challenges for the Company 60
4.3.1.3 Barriers of Managing Tacit Knowledge 61
4.3.1.4 Success Factors of Managing Tacit Knowledge 62
4.3.1.5 Recommendations For The Company’s Future Competition 64
4.3.2 Modification and Optimization 66
4.4 Conclusion of Findings 67
5. Case Study: Capturing Tacit Knowledge Through Academics 69
5.1 Institute of Higher Education and related Partner Companies 69
5.2 Academic Sector as Research Field 70
5.3 Reflective Approach of Case Study 71
5.3.1 Model for Capturing Professional Knowledge through Academics 71
5.3.2 Reflective Practitioner’s Instructions for Students and the IT Company 72
5.4 Conclusion of Case Study 74
6. Conclusions 75
viii. REFERENCES 78
ix. APPENDIX 84

Table of Contents:

i. DECLARATION II
ii. ABSTRACT III
iii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V
iv. TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
v. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IX
vi. LIST OF FIGURES XI
vii. LIST OF TABLES XII
viii. LIST OF APPENDIX XIII
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Problem Statement 2
1.2 Justification for Thesis 3
1.2.1 Initial Idea and Approach 4
1.2.2 Business Impact 5
1.2.2.1 Knowledge Management Systems’ Characteristics 1
1.2.2.2 Society’s Change 4
1.2.2.3 Employees’ Psychological Barriers 5
1.2.2.4 Economy’s Demand 6
1.3 Purpose of Thesis 7
2. Review of Academic Literature 8
2.1 Research on Major Thinkers as Theoretical Framework 8
2.2 Models as Supporting Evidence 14
2.3 Definitions of Terms 18
2.3.1 Knowledge and its Management 18
2.3.1.1 Tacit Knowledge 20
2.3.1.2 Explicit Knowledge 21
2.3.2 Knowledge Worker 21
2.3.3 Knowledge Creation through Senior Knowledge Workers 22
2.3.4 Quality of Decision Making 22
2.3.5 Competitive Advantage 24
2.4 Scope, Delimitation and Conclusion after Review 24
3. Research Methodology 25
3.1 Area of Research: Qualitative Social Research 26
3.2 Reflective Action Practitioner Research 26
3.2.1 Description of Research Methodology 27
3.2.2 Justification for Research Methodology 29
3.2.3 Author’s Autobiographical, Personal Voice 29
3.3 Research Approach 31
3.3.1 Research Problem 31
3.3.2 Research Design 33
3.3.3 Research Writing Style 34
3.3.4 Rich Picture 36
3.3.5 Development of Title 38
3.3.6 Research Question(s) 40
3.4 Research Objectives 42
3.4.1 German IT Company as an Example of Enhancement 42
3.4.2 Sources of Data for Research 44
3.4.2.1 Primary Data: Email Based Interviews 44
3.4.2.2 Secondary Data: Literature, Articles and Papers 45
3.4.3 Gathering Data by Interviewing Practitioners 47
3.4.3.1 Selection of Interview Candidates 47
3.4.3.2 Development of email-based Questionnaire 48
3.5 Conclusion of Research Methodology 50
4. Findings: Improving Decision Making By Capturing Tacit Knowledge 51
4.1 Qualitative Findings Through email-Based Questionnaires 52
4.1.1 Case #1: Interviewee ‘Head of Knowledge Management’ 52
4.1.2 Case #2: Interviewee ‘Manager of Global Knowledge Centre’ 54
4.1.3 Case #3: Interviewee ‘Product Manager’ 55
4.2 Analysis of Interviewees´ Reactions to Questions 57
4.3 Author’s Reflection 58
4.3.1 Observations, Impressions and Additions 58
4.3.1.1 Benefits Both for Knowledge Workers and Company 59
4.3.1.2 Challenges for the Company 60
4.3.1.3 Barriers of Managing Tacit Knowledge 61
4.3.1.4 Success Factors of Managing Tacit Knowledge 62
4.3.1.5 Recommendations For The Company’s Future Competition 64
4.3.2 Modification and Optimization 66
4.4 Conclusion of Findings 67
5. Case Study: Capturing Tacit Knowledge Through Academics 69
5.1 Institute of Higher Education and related Partner Companies 69
5.2 Academic Sector as Research Field 70
5.3 Reflective Approach of Case Study 71
5.3.1 Model for Capturing Professional Knowledge through Academics 71
5.3.2 Reflective Practitioner’s Instructions for Students and the IT Company 72
5.4 Conclusion of Case Study 74
6. Conclusions 75
viii. REFERENCES 78
ix. APPENDIX 84

Text Sample:

Chapter 3.2.2, Justification for Research Methodology:

In this paragraph, the author offers a short explanation of why the chosen methodology is the most appropriate. It takes detailed account of how and why the author used the reflective practitioner, knowledge collection methodology:

As already mentioned in paragraph 1.2.2.1, any attempt to enhance KMS is inevitably interwoven with the organisational culture based on the employees’ behaviour. This important insight is not the only thesis’ drive; it is also the reason for its character of social research. Due to the preference of quality instead of quantity – realised through the selection of exactly three selected practitioners – the results are in-depth sources of data. That is why the area of research is called ‘Qualitative Social Research’.

‘Reflective Action Practitioner Research can be seen as a young sub-category: Personal thoughts that came up during researching and writing are integrated for not only corresponding to the method of action research, but also to actively use the ability of reflecting new insights and aspects. In combination, by reading academic sources on three major philosophical thinkers, the author focuses on describing and reflecting how thoughts, title, structure, actions and questions develop.

Due to the fact that this is a practical and fast changing topic of research, the chosen methodology employs a qualitative, reflective practitioner methodology with an interpretative research writing style and three practitioners as interviewees.

This method might not only make a business or task more successful, it also might lead to integrity, honesty and honour. However, it brings the methodology’s core message to the point: Critically capture analysed knowledge based on experience, transform it and use it for yourself and others to avoid low-quality decisions. In the following sub-chapters, the applied methodology is described, explained and justified for clarification.

Arbeit zitieren:
Knaack, Rainer November 2005: Improving the Quality of Leaders’ Decision Making in IT Companies to Achieve Better Predictions about Future Developments for Competitive Advantage, Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag

Schlagworte:
Führung, Wissen, Entscheidung, Wissensmanagement, IT

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