Design of 2.4 GHZ CMOS Frontend for Bluetooth
- Art: Diplomarbeit
- Autor: Florian Krug
- Abgabedatum: März 2001
- Umfang: 75 Seiten
- Dateigröße: 767,9 KB
- Note: 1,0
- Institution / Hochschule: Technische Universität München Deutschland
- ISBN (eBook): 978-3-8324-4194-4
-
ISBN (Paperback) :
978-3-8324-4194-4 P - ISBN (CD) :978-3-8324-4194-4 CD
- Sprache: Englisch
- Prämierung:
- Arbeit zitieren: Krug, Florian März 2001: Design of 2.4 GHZ CMOS Frontend for Bluetooth, Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag
- Schlagworte: Integrierte Schaltung, Hochfrequenztechnik, Schaltungstechnik, Bluetooth, CMOS
In den Warenkorb
58,00 €
Diplomarbeit von Florian Krug
Abstract:
The Bluetooth wireless technology is the worlds new short-range RF transmission standard for small form factor, low-cost, short-range radio links between portable or desktop devices. The technology promises to eliminate the confusion of cables, connectors and protocols confounding communications between today high tech products.
In the first step a 2.45 GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), intended for use in a Bluetooth receiver, has been designed in a standard 0.18 um CMOS process. The amplifier provides a simulated switchable forward voltage gain of +16 / -7.7 dB with a simulated noise Figure (NF) of only 3 dB while drawing 2.8 mA from a 1.8 V supply. The die area of the LNA (pads included) is 0.79 mm2.
In the second step a 2.45 GHz Power Amplifier (PA), also intended for the Bluetooth standard, has been designed in the same 0.18 um CMOS process as for the LNA. The class-A PA achieves a simulated forward gain (S21) of 23 dB and a simulated output 1 dB compression point (P1dB ) of 5.5 dBm, with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 23 % while drawing 15.8 mA from a 1.8 V supply. The die area of the PA (pads included) is 2.1 mm2.
Table of Contents:
| 1. | Introduction | 1 |
| 1.1 | Motivation | 1 |
| 1.2 | Organization | 2 |
| 2. | The Bluetooth standard | 3 |
| 2.1 | Bluetooth as branding-name | 3 |
| 2.2 | Bluetooth RF requirements | 4 |
| 2.3 | System design | 4 |
| 2.3.1 | Receiver architectures | 4 |
| 2.3.2 | Transmitter architectures | 6 |
| 3. | RF CMOS technology | 9 |
| 3.1 | The foundry | 9 |
| 3.1.1 | Technology overview | 9 |
| 3.1.2 | Process Characteristic | 9 |
| 3.2 | Design Flow | 10 |
| 3.2.1 | Cadence | 10 |
| 3.2.2 | SpectreRF | 10 |
| 4. | Integrated spiral inductors | 11 |
| 4.1 | View and physical dimension of spiral | 11 |
| 4.2 | Model for on-chip spiral inductors | 12 |
| 5. | Low Noise Amplifier | 13 |
| 5.1 | Architecture choices | 13 |
| 5.1.1 | Recent studies | 13 |
| 5.1.2 | LNA Architectures | 13 |
| 5.1.3 | Architecture properties | 14 |
| 5.1.4 | Architecture choice | 14 |
| 5.2 | A little piece of theory | 15 |
| 5.2.1 | Standard MOS noise model | 15 |
| 5.2.2 | Noise Figure | 16 |
| 5.2.3 | Input impedance | 16 |
| 5.2.4 | Voltage Gain | 18 |
| 5.2.5 | Stability | 19 |
| 5.2.6 | Noise Figure | 20 |
| 5.3 | Design approach for the LNA | 21 |
| 5.3.1 | Circuit topology | 21 |
| 5.3.2 | RF circuit design strategy | 21 |
| 5.3.3 | DC operating point design strategy | 23 |
| 5.3.4 | Input matching | 24 |
| 5.3.5 | Voltage gain | 25 |
| 5.3.6 | Noise Figure | 26 |
| 5.3.7 | Stability | 27 |
| 5.3.8 | LNA core schematics with component values | 28 |
| 5.4 | Design approach for the attenuation path of the LNA | 29 |
| 5.4.1 | Circuit Topology | 29 |
| 5.4.2 | Switching network | 29 |
| 5.4.3 | Input matching | 31 |
| 5.4.4 | Attenuation | 32 |
| 5.4.5 | Switchable LNA schematics with component values | 33 |
| 5.5 | Summary of simulation | 33 |
| 5.6 | Layout | 34 |
| 5.7 | Measurement approach | 36 |
| 5.7.1 | Simulation results | 36 |
| 5.7.2 | Summary of simulation | 39 |
| 6. | Power Amplifier | 41 |
| 6.1 | Architecture choices | 41 |
| 6.1.1 | Recent studies | 41 |
| 6.1.2 | PA classification | 42 |
| 6.1.3 | Architecture choice | 42 |
| 6.2 | A little piece of theory | 44 |
| 6.2.1 | Efficiency definitions | 44 |
| 6.2.2 | Class-A power amplifier | 44 |
| 6.2.3 | Loadline theory | 46 |
| 6.3 | Design approach for the PA | 46 |
| 6.3.1 | Design approach for the output stage | 46 |
| 6.3.2 | Design approach for the interstage matching | 49 |
| 6.3.3 | Design approach for the input | 49 |
| 6.3.4 | Stability | 50 |
| 6.3.5 | PA schematics with component values | 50 |
| 6.4 | Measurement approach | 52 |
| 6.4.1 | Simulation results | 52 |
| 6.4.2 | Summary of simulation results | 55 |
| 6.5 | Layout | 55 |
| Bibliography | 57 | |
| Abbreviation and symbols | 61 | |
| Conceptual formulation | 63 | |
| Curriculum vitae | 65 |
In den Warenkorb
58,00 €
Link zur Arbeit:
http://www.diplom.de/ean/9783832441944
Arbeit zitieren:
Krug, Florian März 2001: Design of 2.4 GHZ CMOS Frontend for Bluetooth, Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag
Schlagworte:
Integrierte Schaltung, Hochfrequenztechnik, Schaltungstechnik, Bluetooth, CMOS
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